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人工智能的快速发展从就业技能、任务等维度对不同区域和行业的就业结构带来巨大冲击，技能水平结构呈现出“单极化”与“两极化”双重特征，任务层面从“岗位替代”到“任务重组”加速演进，区域与行业呈现“非均衡扩散”，时间维度表现为“短期消极、中期平衡、长期向好”特征。在此背景下，当前高等教育面临庞大的人工智能人才需求与教育滞后性的矛盾、复合型人才需求增加与学科壁垒的冲突、职业变化适应需求提升与就业教育封闭的差距三大挑战。据此，高等教育应围绕培养人工智能拔尖人才、提高传统专业人才就业竞争力、提升毕业生职业适应性及终身学习能力等进行应对。
Abstract：The rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought a tremendous impact on the employment structure of different regions and industries over time,across dimensions such as employment skills and tasks. In terms of skills,there is a dual feature of both "single-polarization" and "polarization". At the task level,the shift from "job substitution" to "task reorganization" is accelerating. Regional and industrial impacts exhibit "uneven diffusion",while the temporal aspect reflects a pattern of "short-term negative effects,medium-term equilibrium,and long-term positive outcomes". Against this backdrop,higher education currently faces three major challenges:the contradiction between the immense demand for AI talent and the lag in educational responses,the conflict between the increasing need for interdisciplinary talent and the barriers imposed by academic silos,and the gap between the rising demand for adaptation to career changes and the limited scope of vocational education. In response,higher education should respond by focusing on cultivating top talents in artificial intelligence,enhancing the competitiveness of traditional professional talents,improving graduates' career adaptability,and strengthening lifelong learning abilities.
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(1) 国家统计局：《中国统计年鉴2025》
(2) 国家统计局：《中国统计年鉴2025》
(1) 国家统计局：《中国统计年鉴2025》
基本信息:
DOI：10.20017/j.cnki.1009-0576.2026.02.003
中图分类号:F249.2;TP18;G647.38
引用信息:
[1]陶甄,王曼柳,叶映华.人工智能对就业结构的冲击：多重影响效应与高等教育的挑战和应对[J].中国大学生就业,2026,No.548(02):27-39.DOI:10.20017/j.cnki.1009-0576.2026.02.003.
基金信息:
2024年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“社会主义现代化强国建设需求下高校毕业生就业促进研究”（项目编号：24JZD041）阶段性研究成果
2026-02-20
2026-02-20